.ad l .nh .TH import 1 "1 May 1994" "ImageMagick" .SH NAME import - capture some or all of an X server screen and save the image to a file. .SH SYNOPSIS .B "import" [ \fIoptions\fP ... ] [ \fIfile\fP ] .SH DESCRIPTION \fBimport\fP reads an image from any visible window on an X server and outputs it as an image file. You can capture a single window, the entire screen, or any rectangular portion of the screen. Use \fBdisplay\fP (see \fBdisplay(1)\fP) for redisplay, printing, editing, formatting, archiving, image processing, etc. of the captured image. The target window can be specified by id, name, or may be selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window. If you press a button and then drag, a rectangle will form which expands and contracts as the mouse moves. To save the portion of the screen defined by the rectangle, just release the button. The keyboard bell is rung once at the beginning of the screen capture and twice when it completes. .SH EXAMPLES To select an X window with the mouse and save it in the MIFF image format to a file titled window.miff, use: .nf import window.miff .fi To select an X window and save it in the Encapsulated Postscript format to include in another document, use: .nf import figure.eps .fi To capture the entire X server screen in the JPEG image format in a file titled root.jpeg, use: .nf import -window root root.jpeg .fi .SH OPTIONS \fBimport\fP options can appear on the command line or in your X resources file (see \fBX(1)\fP). Options on the command line supersede values specified in your X resources file. .TP .B "-adjoin join images into a single multi-image file. By default, all images of an image sequence are stored in the same file. However, some formats (e.g. JPEG) do not support more than one image and are saved to separate files. Use \fB+adjoin\fP to force this behavior. .TP .B "-border" include image borders in the output image. .TP .B "-cache \fIthreshold\fP" megabytes of memory available to the pixel cache. Image pixels are stored in memory until 80 megabytes of memory have been consumed. Subsequent pixel operations are cached on disk. Operations to memory are significantly faster but if your computer does not have a sufficient amount of free memory you may want to adjust this threshold value. .B "-colors \fIvalue\fP" preferred number of colors in the image. The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, but never more. Note, this is a color reduction option. Images with less unique colors than specified with this option will have any duplicate or unused colors removed. Refer to \fBquantize(9)\fP for more details. Note, options \fB-dither\fP, \fB-colorspace\fP, and \fB-treedepth\fP affect the color reduction algorithm. .TP .B "-colorspace \fIvalue\fP" the type of colorspace: \fBGRAY\fP, \fBOHTA\fP, \fBRGB\fP, \fBTransparent\fP, \fBXYZ\fP, \fBYCbCr\fP, \fBYIQ\fP, \fBYPbPr\fP, \fBYUV\fP, or \fBCMYK\fP. Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB color space. Empirical evidence suggests that distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond to perceptual color differences more closely than do distances in RGB space. These color spaces may give better results when color reducing an image. Refer to \fBquantize(9)\fP for more details. The \fBTransparent\fP color space behaves uniquely in that it preserves the matte channel of the image if it exists. The \fB-colors\fP or \fB-monochrome\fP option is required for this option to take effect. .TP .B "-comment \fIstring\fP" annotate an image with a comment. By default, each image is commented with its file name. Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attributes by embedding special format characters: .nf %b file size %c comment %d directory %e filename extention %f filename %h height %i input filename %k number of unique colors %l label %m magick %n number of scenes %o output filename %p page number %q quantum depth %s scene number %t top of filename %u unique temporary filename %w width %x x resolution %y y resolution \\n newline \\r carriage return .fi For example, .nf -comment "%m:%f %wx%h" .fi produces an image comment of \fBMIFF:bird.miff 512x480\fP for an image titled \fBbird.miff\fP and whose width is 512 and height is 480. If the first character of \fIstring\fP is \fB@\fP, the image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. .TP .B "-compress \fItype\fP" the type of image compression: \fINone\fP, \fIBZip\fP, \fIFax\fP, \fIGroup4\fP, \fIJPEG\fP, \fILZW\fP, \fIRLE\fP, or \fIZip\fP. Specify \fB\+compress\fP to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file. .TP .B "-crop \fIx{\+-}{\+-}{%}\fP" preferred size and location of the cropped image. See \fBX(1)\fP for details about the geometry specification. To specify a percentage width or height instead, append \fB%\fP. For example to crop the image by ten percent on all sides of the image, use \fB-crop 10%\fP. Omit the x and y offset to generate one or more subimages of a uniform size. Use cropping to crop a particular area of an image. Use \fB-crop 0x0\fP to trim edges that are the background color. Add an x and y offset to leave a portion of the trimmed edges with the image. .TP .B "-delay \fI<1/100ths of a second>x\fP" display the next image after pausing. This option is useful for regulating the display of the sequence of images. \fI1/100ths of a second\fP must expire before the display of the next image. The default is 6/100 of a second between each frame of the image sequence. The second value is optional. It specifies the number of \fIseconds\fP to pause before repeating your animation sequence. .TP .B "-density \fIx\fP vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image. This option specifies an image density when decoding a Postscript or Portable Document page. The default is 72 pixels per inch in the horizontal and vertical direction. This option is used in concert with \fB-page\fP. .TP .B "-depth \fIvalue\fP" depth of the image. This is the number of bits in a pixel. The only acceptable values are 8 or 16. .TP .B "-descend" obtain image by descending window hierarchy. .TP .B "-display \fIhost:display[.screen]\fP" specifies the X server to contact; see \fBX(1)\fP. .TP .B "-dispose \fImethod\fP" GIF disposal method. Here are the valid methods: .nf 0 No disposal specified. 1 Do not dispose between frames. 2 Overwrite frame with background color from header. 3 Overwrite with previous frame. .fi .TP .B "-dither" apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image. The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the intensities of several neighboring pixels. Images which suffer from severe contouring when reducing colors can be improved with this option. The \fB-colors\fP or \fB-monochrome\fP option is required for this option to take effect. Use \fB+dither\fP to render Postscript without text or graphic aliasing. .TP .B "-frame" include window manager frame. .TP .B "-geometry \fIx{\+-}{\+-}{%}{@}{!}{<}{>}\fP" the width and height of the image. By default, the width and height are maximum values. That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the width and height value while maintaining the aspect ratio of the image. Append an exclamation point to the geometry to force the image size to exactly the size you specify. For example, if you specify \fB640x480!\fP the image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480. If only one factor is specified, both the width and height assume the value. To specify a percentage width or height instead, append \fB%\fP. The image size is multiplied by the width and height percentages to obtain the final image dimensions. To increase the size of an image, use a value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%). To decrease an image's size, use a percentage less than 100. Use \fB@\fP to specify the maximum area in pixels of an image. Use \fB>\fP to change the dimensions of the image \fIonly\fP if its size exceeds the geometry specification. \fB<\fP resizes the image \fIonly\fP if its dimensions is less than the geometry specification. For example, if you specify \fB'640x480>'\fP and the image size is 512x512, the image size does not change. However, if the image is 1024x1024, it is resized to 640x480. .TP .B "-interlace \fItype\fP" the type of interlacing scheme: \fBNone\fP, \fBLine\fP, \fBPlane\fP, or \fBPartition\fP. The default is \fBNone\fP. This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as \fBRGB\fP or \fBYUV\fP. \fBNo\fP means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), \fBLine\fP uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and \fBPlane\fP uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...). \fBPartition\fP is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B). Use \fBLine\fP, or \fBPlane\fP to create an interlaced GIF or progressive JPEG image. .B "-label \fIname\fP" assign a label to an image. Use this option to assign a specific label to the image. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attributes by embedding special format characters. See \fB-comment\fP for details. For example, .nf -label "%m:%f %wx%h" .fi produces an image label of \fBMIFF:bird.miff 512x480\fP for an image titled \fBbird.miff\fP and whose width is 512 and height is 480. If the first character of \fIstring\fP is \fB@\fP, the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. When converting to Postscript, use this option to specify a header string to print above the image. Specify the label font with \fB-font\fP. .TP .B "-monochrome" transform image to black and white. .TP .B "-negate" replace every pixel with its complementary color (white becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc.). The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. Use \fB+negate\fP to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image. .TP .B "-page \fIx{\+-}{\+-}{%}{!}{<}{>}\fP" preferred size and location of an image canvas. Use this option to specify the dimensions of the Postscript page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a Postscript page are: .nf 11x17 792 1224 Ledger 1224 792 Legal 612 1008 Letter 612 792 LetterSmall 612 792 ArchE 2592 3456 ArchD 1728 2592 ArchC 1296 1728 ArchB 864 1296 ArchA 648 864 A0 2380 3368 A1 1684 2380 A2 1190 1684 A3 842 1190 A4 595 842 A4Small 595 842 A5 421 595 A6 297 421 A7 210 297 A8 148 210 A9 105 148 A10 74 105 B0 2836 4008 B1 2004 2836 B2 1418 2004 B3 1002 1418 B4 709 1002 B5 501 709 C0 2600 3677 C1 1837 2600 C2 1298 1837 C3 918 1298 C4 649 918 C5 459 649 C6 323 459 Flsa 612 936 Flse 612 936 HalfLetter 396 612 .fi For convenience you can specify the page size by media (e.g. A4, Ledger, etc.). Otherwise, \fB-page\fP behaves much like \fB-geometry\fP (e.g. -page letter+43+43>). To position a GIF image, use -page \fI{\+-}{\+-}\fP (e.g. -page +100+200). For a Postscript page, the image is sized as in \fB-geometry\fP and positioned relative to the lower left hand corner of the page by \fI{\+-}{\+-}\fP. Use -page 612x792>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the Postscript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792. This option is used in concert with \fB-density\fP. .TP .B "-pointsize \fIvalue\fP" pointsize of the Postscript, X11, or TrueType font. .TP .B "-quality \fIvalue\fP" JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level. For the JPEG image format, quality is 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The default quality is 75. Quality for the MIFF and PNG image format sets the amount of image compression (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). Compression quality values range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines: .nf 0: none 1: sub 2: up 3: average 4: Paeth .fi If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used. If filter-type is 6 or more, adaptive filtering with \fIminimum-sum-of-absolute-values\fP is used. The default is quality is 75. Which means nearly the best compression with adaptive filtering. For further information, see the PNG specification (RFC 2083), . .TP .B "-rotate \fIdegrees{<}{>}\fP" apply Paeth image rotation to the image. Use \fB>\fP to rotate the image \fIonly\fP if its width exceeds the height. \fB<\fP rotates the image \fIonly\fP if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify \fB-90>\fP and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated by the specified angle. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are filled with the color defined as \fBbordercolor\fP (class \fBborderColor\fP). .TP .B "-scene \fIvalue\fP" number of screen snapshots. Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen to create an animation sequence. .TP .B "-screen" This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window. .TP .B "-silent" operate silently, i.e. don't ring any bells. .TP .B "-transparent \fIcolor\fP" make this color transparent within the image. .TP .B "-treedepth \fIvalue\fP" Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero or one tells \fBconvert\fP to choose a optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm. An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to \fBquantize(9)\fP for more details. The \fB-colors\fP option is required for this option to take effect. .TP .B "-type \fItype\fP" set the image type: \fBBilevel\fP, \fBGrayscale\fP, \fBPalette\fP, \fBPaletteMatte\fP, \fBTrueColor\fP, \fBTrueColorMatte\fP, \fBColorSeparation\fP, or \fBColorSeparationMatte\fP. .TP .B -verbose print detailed information about the image. This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (\fIDirectClass\fP or \fIPseudoClass\fP); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and write the image. .TP .B "-window \fIid\fP" select window with this id or name. With this option you can specify the target window by id or name rather than using the mouse. Specify 'root' to select X's root window as the target window. .PP Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect until it is explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a different effect. \fIfile\fP specifies the image filename. If \fIfile\fP is omitted, it defaults to \fBmagick.miff\fP. The default image format is MIFF. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e. gif:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix (i.e. image.jpg). See \fBconvert(1)\fP for a list of valid image formats. Specify \fIfile\fP as \fI-\fP for standard output. If \fIfile\fP has the extension \fB.Z\fP or \fB.gz\fP, the file size is compressed using with \fBcompress\fP or \fBgzip\fP respectively. Precede the image file name \fI|\fP to pipe to a system command. If \fIfile\fP already exists, you will be prompted as to whether it should be overwritten. .SH ENVIRONMENT .TP .B display To get the default host, display number, and screen. .SH SEE ALSO .B display(1), animate(1), montage(1), mogrify(1), convert(1), composite(1), xtp(1) .SH COPYRIGHT Copyright (C) 2001 ImageMagick Studio, a non-profit organization dedicated to making software imaging solutions freely available. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ("ImageMagick"), to deal in ImageMagick without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of ImageMagick, and to permit persons to whom the ImageMagick is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of ImageMagick. The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement. In no event shall ImageMagick Studio be liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from, out of or in connection with ImageMagick or the use or other dealings in ImageMagick. Except as contained in this notice, the name of the ImageMagick Studio shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in ImageMagick without prior written authorization from the ImageMagick Studio. .SH AUTHORS John Cristy, E.I. du Pont De Nemours and Company Incorporated