.ad l .nh .TH composite 1 "10 January 1993" "ImageMagick" .SH NAME composite - composite images to create new images. .SH SYNOPSIS .B "composite" [ \fIoptions\fP ... ] \fIimage\fP \fIcomposite\fP [ \fImask\fP ] \fIcomposited\fP .SH DESCRIPTION \fBcomposite\fP composite images to create new images. .SH EXAMPLES To composite a image of a cockatoo with a perch, use .nf composite cockatoo.miff perch.ras composite.miff .fi To compute the difference between images in a series, use .nf composite -compose difference series.1 series.2 difference.miff .fi To composite a image of a cockatoo with a perch starting at location (100,150), use .nf composite -geometry +100+150 cockatoo.miff perch.ras composite.miff .fi To tile a logo across your image of a cockatoo, use .nf convert +shade 30x60 cockatoo.miff mask.miff composite -compose bumpmap -tile logo.gif cockatoo.miff mask.miff composite.miff .fi To composite a red, green, and blue color plane into a single composite image, try .nf composite -compose CopyGreen red.png green.png red-green.png composite -compose CopyBlue red-green.png blue.png composite.png .fi .SH OPTIONS .TP .B "-cache \fIthreshold\fP" megabytes of memory available to the pixel cache. Image pixels are stored in memory until 80 megabytes of memory have been consumed. Subsequent pixel operations are cached on disk. Operations to memory are significantly faster but if your computer does not have a sufficient amount of free memory you may want to adjust this threshold value. .TP .B "-colors \fIvalue\fP" preferred number of colors in the image. The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, but never more. Note, this is a color reduction option. Images with less unique colors than specified with this option will have any duplicate or unused colors removed. Refer to \fBquantize(9)\fP for more details. Note, options \fB-dither\fP, \fB-colorspace\fP, and \fB-treedepth\fP affect the color reduction algorithm. .TP .B "-colorspace \fIvalue\fP" the type of colorspace: \fBGRAY\fP, \fBOHTA\fP, \fBRGB\fP, \fBTransparent\fP, \fBXYZ\fP, \fBYCbCr\fP, \fBYIQ\fP, \fBYPbPr\fP, \fBYUV\fP, or \fBCMYK\fP. Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB color space. Empirical evidence suggests that distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond to perceptual color differences more closely than do distances in RGB space. These color spaces may give better results when color reducing an image. Refer to \fBquantize(9)\fP for more details. The \fBTransparent\fP color space behaves uniquely in that it preserves the matte channel of the image if it exists. The \fB-colors\fP or \fB-monochrome\fP option is required for this option to take effect. .TP .B "-comment \fIstring\fP" annotate an image with a comment. By default, each image is commented with its file name. Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attributes by embedding special format characters: .nf %b file size %c comment %d directory %e filename extention %f filename %h height %i input filename %k number of unique colors %l label %m magick %n number of scenes %o output filename %p page number %q quantum depth %s scene number %t top of filename %u unique temporary filename %w width %x x resolution %y y resolution \\n newline \\r carriage return .fi For example, .nf -comment "%m:%f %wx%h" .fi produces an image comment of \fBMIFF:bird.miff 512x480\fP for an image titled \fBbird.miff\fP and whose width is 512 and height is 480. If the first character of \fIstring\fP is \fB@\fP, the image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. .TP .B "-compose \fIoperator\fP" the type of image composition. By default, each of the composite image pixels are replaced by the corresponding image tile pixel. You can choose an alternate composite operation: .nf Over In Out Atop Xor Plus Minus Add Subtract Difference Multiply Bumpmap Copy CopyRed CopyGreen CopyBlue CopyOpacity .fi How each operator behaves is described below. .TP .B over The result will be the union of the two image shapes, with \fIcomposite image\fP obscuring \fIimage\fP in the region of overlap. .TP .B In The result is simply \fIcomposite image\fP cut by the shape of \fIimage\fP. None of the image data of \fIimage\fP will be in the result. .TP .B Out The resulting image is \fIcomposite image\fP with the shape of \fIimage\fP cut out. .TP .B Atop The result is the same shape as image \fIimage\fP, with \fIcomposite image\fP obscuring \fIimage\fP where the image shapes overlap. Note this differs from \fBover\fP because the portion of \fIcomposite image\fP outside \fIimage\fP's shape does not appear in the result. .TP .B Xor The result is the image data from both \fIcomposite image\fP and \fIimage\fP that is outside the overlap region. The overlap region will be blank. .TP .B Plus The result is just the sum of the image data. Output values are cropped to 255 (no overflow). This operation is independent of the matte channels. .TP .B Minus The result of \fIcomposite image\fP \- \fIimage\fP, with underflow cropped to zero. The matte channel is ignored (set to 255, full coverage). .TP .B Add The result of \fIcomposite image\fP + \fIimage\fP, with overflow wrapping around (\fImod\fP 256). .TP .B Subtract The result of \fIcomposite image\fP - \fIimage\fP, with underflow wrapping around (\fImod\fP 256). The \fBadd\fP and \fBsubtract\fP operators can be used to perform reversible transformations. .TP .B Difference The result of abs(\fIcomposite image\fP \- \fIimage\fP). This is useful for comparing two very similar images. .TP .B Multipy The result of \fIcomposite image\fP \* \fIimage\fP. This is useful for the creation of drop-shadows. .TP .B Bumpmap The result \fIimage\fP shaded by \fIcomposite image\fP. .TP .B Copy The resulting image is \fIimage\fP replaced with \fIcomposite image\fP. Here the matte information is ignored. .TP .B CopyRed The resulting image is the red layer in \fIimage\fP replaced with the red layer in \fIcomposite image\fP. The other layers are copied untouched. .TP .B CopyGreen The resulting image is the green layer in \fIimage\fP replaced with the green layer in \fIcomposite image\fP. The other layers are copied untouched. .TP .B CopyBlue The resulting image is the blue layer in \fIimage\fP replaced with the blue layer in \fIcomposite image\fP. The other layers are copied untouched. .TP .B CopyOpacity The resulting image is the matte layer in \fIimage\fP replaced with the matte layer in \fIcomposite image\fP. The other layers are copied untouched. The image compositor requires a matte, or alpha channel in the image for some operations. This extra channel usually defines a mask which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter for the image. This is the case when matte is 255 (full coverage) for pixels inside the shape, zero outside, and between zero and 255 on the boundary. For certain operations, if \fIimage\fP does not have a matte channel, it is initialized with 0 for any pixel matching in color to pixel location (0,0), otherwise 255 (to work properly \fBborderwidth\fP must be 0). .TP .B "-compress \fItype\fP" the type of image compression: \fINone\fP, \fIBZip\fP, \fIFax\fP, \fIGroup4\fP, \fIJPEG\fP, \fILZW\fP, \fIRLE\fP, or \fIZip\fP. Specify \fB\+compress\fP to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file. .TP .B "-density \fIx\fP vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image. This option specifies an image density when decoding a Postscript or Portable Document page. The default is 72 pixels per inch in the horizontal and vertical direction. This option is used in concert with \fB-page\fP. .TP .B "-depth \fIvalue\fP" depth of the image. This is the number of bits in a pixel. The only acceptable values are 8 or 16. .TP .B "-displace \fIx\fP" shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map. With this option, \fIcomposite image\fP is used as a displacement map. Black, within the displacement map, is a maximum positive displacement. White is a maximum negative displacement and middle gray is neutral. The displacement is scaled to determine the pixel shift. By default, the displacement applies in both the horizontal and vertical directions. However, if you specify \fImask\fP, \fIcomposite image\fP is the horizontal X displacement and \fImask\fP the vertical Y displacement. .TP .B "-display \fIhost:display[.screen]\fP" specifies the X server to contact; see \fBX(1)\fP. .TP .B "-dispose \fImethod\fP" GIF disposal method. Here are the valid methods: .nf 0 No disposal specified. 1 Do not dispose between frames. 2 Overwrite frame with background color from header. 3 Overwrite with previous frame. .fi .TP .B "-dissolve \fIvalue\fP" dissolve the two images a given percent. .TP .B "-dither" apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image. The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the intensities of several neighboring pixels. Images which suffer from severe contouring when reducing colors can be improved with this option. The \fB-colors\fP or \fB-monochrome\fP option is required for this option to take effect. Use \fB+dither\fP to render Postscript without text or graphic aliasing. .TP .B "-font \fIname\fP" This option specifies the font to be used for displaying normal text. If the font is a fully qualified X server font name, the font is obtained from an X server (e.g. -*-helvetica-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*). To use a TrueType font, precede the TrueType filename with a \fB@\fP (e.g. @times.ttf). Otherwise, specify a Postscript, X11, or TrueType font (e.g. helvetica). .TP .B "-geometry \fI{\+-}{\+-}{%}{@}{!}{<}{>}\fP" location of the composite image. By default the images are composited relative to the image gravity (see \fB-gravity\fP). Use \fI\fP and \fI\fP to specify a particular location to composite the images. .TP .B "-gravity \fItype\fP" direction image gravitates to within the composite: NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast. See \fBX(1)\fP for details about the gravity specification. The image may not fill the composite completely (see \fB-geometry\fP). The direction you choose specifies where to position the image within the composite. For example \fICenter\fP gravity forces the image to be centered within the composite. By default, the image gravity is \fINorthWest\fP. .TP .B "-interlace \fItype\fP" the type of interlacing scheme: \fBNone\fP, \fBLine\fP, \fBPlane\fP, or \fBPartition\fP. The default is \fBNone\fP. This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as \fBRGB\fP or \fBYUV\fP. \fBNo\fP means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), \fBLine\fP uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and \fBPlane\fP uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...). \fBPartition\fP is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B). Use \fBLine\fP, or \fBPlane\fP to create an interlaced GIF or progressive JPEG image. .TP .B "-label \fIname\fP" assign a label to an image. Use this option to assign a specific label to the image. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attributes by embedding special format characters. See \fB-comment\fP for details. For example, .nf -label "%m:%f %wx%h" .fi produces an image label of \fBMIFF:bird.miff 512x480\fP for an image titled \fBbird.miff\fP and whose width is 512 and height is 480. If the first character of \fIstring\fP is \fB@\fP, the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. When converting to Postscript, use this option to specify a header string to print above the image. Specify the label font with \fB-font\fP. .TP .B "-matte" store matte channel if the image has one otherwise create an opaque one. .TP .B "-monochrome" transform the image to black and white. .TP .B "-negate" replace every pixel with its complementary color (white becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc.). The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. Use \fB+negate\fP to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image. .TP .B "-page \fIx{\+-}{\+-}{%}{!}{<}{>}\fP" preferred size and location of an image canvas. Use this option to specify the dimensions of the Postscript page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a Postscript page are: .nf 11x17 792 1224 Ledger 1224 792 Legal 612 1008 Letter 612 792 LetterSmall 612 792 ArchE 2592 3456 ArchD 1728 2592 ArchC 1296 1728 ArchB 864 1296 ArchA 648 864 A0 2380 3368 A1 1684 2380 A2 1190 1684 A3 842 1190 A4 595 842 A4Small 595 842 A5 421 595 A6 297 421 A7 210 297 A8 148 210 A9 105 148 A10 74 105 B0 2836 4008 B1 2004 2836 B2 1418 2004 B3 1002 1418 B4 709 1002 B5 501 709 C0 2600 3677 C1 1837 2600 C2 1298 1837 C3 918 1298 C4 649 918 C5 459 649 C6 323 459 Flsa 612 936 Flse 612 936 HalfLetter 396 612 .fi For convenience you can specify the page size by media (e.g. A4, Ledger, etc.). Otherwise, \fB-page\fP behaves much like \fB-geometry\fP (e.g. -page letter+43+43>). To position a GIF image, use -page \fI{\+-}{\+-}\fP (e.g. -page +100+200). For a Postscript page, the image is sized as in \fB-geometry\fP and positioned relative to the lower left hand corner of the page by \fI{\+-}{\+-}\fP. Use -page 612x792>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the Postscript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792. This option is used in concert with \fB-density\fP. .TP .B "-quality \fIvalue\fP" JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level. For the JPEG image format, quality is 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The default quality is 75. Quality for the MIFF and PNG image format sets the amount of image compression (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). Compression quality values range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines: .nf 0: none 1: sub 2: up 3: average 4: Paeth .fi If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used. If filter-type is 6 or more, adaptive filtering with \fIminimum-sum-of-absolute-values\fP is used. The default is quality is 75. Which means nearly the best compression with adaptive filtering. For further information, see the PNG specification (RFC 2083), . .TP .B "-scene \fIvalue\fP" image scene number. .TP .B "-size \fIx{+offset}" width and height of the image. Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as \fBGRAY\fP, \fBRGB\fP, or \fBCMYK\fP. In addition to width and height, use \fB-size\fP to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a \fBMAP\fP image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256). .TP .B "-stegano \fIoffset\fP" hide watermark within an image.

Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35 stegano:image.png). .TP .B "-stereo" composite two image to create a stereo anaglyph. The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right sife is saved as the green channel. Red-blue stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image. .TP .B "-tile" repeat composite operation across image. .TP .B "-treedepth \fIvalue\fP" Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero or one tells \fBcomposite\fP to choose a optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm. An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to \fBquantize(9)\fP for more details. The \fB-colors\fP option is required for this option to take effect. .TP .B "-type \fItype\fP" set the image type: \fBBilevel\fP, \fBGrayscale\fP, \fBPalette\fP, \fBPaletteMatte\fP, \fBTrueColor\fP, \fBTrueColorMatte\fP, \fBColorSeparation\fP, or \fBColorSeparationMatte\fP. .TP .B -verbose print detailed information about the image. This information is printed: image scene number; image name; composited image name; image size; the image class (\fIDirectClass\fP or \fIPseudoClass\fP); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and composite the image. .PP Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect until it is explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a different effect. By default, the image format is determined by its magic number. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e. ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix (i.e. image.ps). See \fBconvert(1)\fP for a list of valid image formats. When you specify \fBX\fP as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or \fBroot\fP. If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window. Specify \fIimage\fP as \fI-\fP for standard input, \fIcomposited\fP as \fI-\fP for standard output. If \fIimage\fP has the extension \fB.Z\fP or \fB.gz\fP, the file is uncompressed with \fBuncompress\fP or \fBgunzip\fP respectively. If \fIcomposited\fP has the extension \fB.Z\fP or \fB.gz\fP, the file size is compressed using with \fBcompress\fP or \fBgzip\fP respectively. Finally, precede the image file name with \fI|\fP to pipe to or from a system command. Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after a file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. img0001.pcd[4]) or a range for MPEG images (e.g. video.mpg[50-75]). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. image.tiff[2,7,4]). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 image.rgb[320x256+50+50]). The optional \fBmask\fP can be used to provide matte information for \fBcomposite\fP when it has none or if you want a different mask. A mask image is typically grayscale and the same size as \fBcomposite\fP. If the image is not grayscale, it is converted to grayscale and the resulting intensities are used as matte information. If \fIcomposited\fP already exists, you will be prompted as to whether it should be overwritten. .SH ENVIRONMENT .TP .B display To get the default host, display number, and screen. .SH SEE ALSO .B display(1), animate(1), import(1), montage(1), mogrify(1), convert(1), xtp(1) .SH COPYRIGHT Copyright (C) 2001 ImageMagick Studio, a non-profit organization dedicated to making software imaging solutions freely available. Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ("ImageMagick"), to deal in ImageMagick without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of ImageMagick, and to permit persons to whom the ImageMagick is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of ImageMagick. The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement. In no event shall ImageMagick Studio be liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from, out of or in connection with ImageMagick or the use or other dealings in ImageMagick. Except as contained in this notice, the name of the ImageMagick Studio shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in ImageMagick without prior written authorization from the ImageMagick Studio. .SH AUTHORS John Cristy, E.I. du Pont De Nemours and Company Incorporated